🕋 تفسير سورة المطففين
(Al-Mutaffifin) • المصدر: EN-AL-JALALAYN
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
📘 Woe waylun a term entailing chastisement; or it is the name of a valley in Hell to the defrauders
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
📘 Woe to the deniers on that day
الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
📘 who deny the Day of Judgement the Day of Requital alladhīna yukadhdhibūna bi-yawmi’l-dīn either a substitution for or an explication of al-mukadhdhibīna ‘the deniers’;
وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ
📘 and none deny it but every sinful the form athīm is hyperbolic transgressor overstepping the bounds.
إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا قَالَ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
📘 When Our signs of the Qur’ān are recited to him he says ‘Mere fables asātīr of the ancients!’ mere tales that were written down sutirat in ancient times asātīr is the plural of ustūra or istāra.
كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ ۜ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
📘 No indeed! — a deterrent and a warning against saying such things. Rather there has slayed engulfed their hearts covering them like rust that which they earned of acts of disobedience.
كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَنْ رَبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمَحْجُوبُونَ
📘 Nay! verily they on that day the Day of Resurrection will be screened off from their Lord and so they will not see Him.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَصَالُو الْجَحِيمِ
📘 Then they will be exposed to Hell-fire then they will enter the scorching Fire;
ثُمَّ يُقَالُ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ
📘 then it will be said to them ‘This that is the chastisement is that which you used to deny!’
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْأَبْرَارِ لَفِي عِلِّيِّينَ
📘 Nay! verily the record of the pious that is the record of the deeds of the believers who were sincere in their faith is in ‘Illiyyūn — this is said to be the book containing all the good deeds of the angels and the believers from among the two heavy ones sc. mankind and jinn; but it is also said to be a place below the Throne in the seventh heaven;
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا عِلِّيُّونَ
📘 and what will tell you what will inform you what ‘Illiyyūn is? what the book of ‘Illiyyūn is.
الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ
📘 those who when they take measure from people demand it in full the measure;
كِتَابٌ مَرْقُومٌ
📘 It is a sealed book
يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
📘 witnessed by those brought near from among the angels.
إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ لَفِي نَعِيمٍ
📘 Assuredly the pious will be amid bliss in Paradise
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنْظُرُونَ
📘 upon couches upon beds beneath canopies gazing at the bliss which they have been given.
تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ النَّعِيمِ
📘 You will perceive in their faces the radiancy of bliss the splendour and beauty of blissfulness
يُسْقَوْنَ مِنْ رَحِيقٍ مَخْتُومٍ
📘 as they are given to drink a nectar a wine free of any impurities that is sealed in its vessel none other than them breaking its seal
خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ
📘 whose seal is musk that is whose final sip is followed by an emanating scent of musk — so for such bliss let the viers vie let them desire to apply themselves to obedience of God —
وَمِزَاجُهُ مِنْ تَسْنِيمٍ
📘 and whose mixture that is to say that with which it is mixed is of Tasnīm which is explained by His following words
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
📘 a spring ‘aynan is in the accusative because of an implicit prefatory amdahu ‘I extol this spring’ from which those brought near will drink yashrabu bihā should be yashrabu minhā or it may be that bihā is used because yashrabu is meant to imply the sense of yaltadhdhu bihā ‘in which they delight’.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا كَانُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَضْحَكُونَ
📘 Verily the guilty like Abū Jahl and his ilk used to laugh at the believers such as ‘Ammār b. Yāsir and Bilāl the Ethiopian and those like them in mockery of them;
وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَوْ وَزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ
📘 but who when they measure for them or weigh for them they cause them loss they diminish for them the measure or the weight.
وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِهِمْ يَتَغَامَزُونَ
📘 and when they the believers passed them by they would wink at one another the guilty beckoned with their eyebrows and eyelids towards the believers in mockery;
وَإِذَا انْقَلَبُوا إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِمُ انْقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ
📘 and when they returned to their folks they would return blithely fākihīna a variant reading has fakihīna rejoicing in their disparaging mention of the believers;
وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَضَالُّونَ
📘 and when they see them that is the believers they say ‘Lo! these men are astray!’ on account of their belief in Muhammad (s).
وَمَا أُرْسِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَافِظِينَ
📘 God exalted be He says Yet they that is the disbelievers were not sent as watchers over them over the believers to preserve them or to keep a record of their deeds and thus guide them back to what is best for them.
فَالْيَوْمَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ
📘 So today that is the Day of Resurrection the believers will be laughing at the disbelievers
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنْظُرُونَ
📘 upon couches in Paradise gazing out from their dwellings at the disbelievers while they are being tortured; and they will laugh at them just as they the disbelievers had laughed at them in the world.
هَلْ ثُوِّبَ الْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ
📘 Have the disbelievers been requited for what they used to do? Yes indeed!
أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنَّهُمْ مَبْعُوثُونَ
📘 Do such individuals not know for certain alā indicates an interrogative of rebuke that they will be resurrected
لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
📘 for an awful day that is to say on it and this is the Day of Resurrection
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
📘 a day when yawma is a substitution for the syntactical locus of li-yawmin ‘to an awful day’ and as such is in the accusative because of the verb mab‘ūthūna ‘will be resurrected’ mankind will rise from their graves before the Lord of the Worlds? the Lord of all creatures for His affair His reckoning and His requital.
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْفُجَّارِ لَفِي سِجِّينٍ
📘 Nay! verily the record of the profligates that is to say the record of the deeds of the disbelievers is in Sijjīn — this is said to be a book containing the record of all the deeds of the devils and the disbelievers; but it is also said to be a location in the lowermost part of the seventh earth the place of Satan and his hosts.
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سِجِّينٌ
📘 And what would tell you what Sijjīn is? what the book of Sijjīn is.
كِتَابٌ مَرْقُومٌ
📘 It is a sealed book.
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