Al-Hadid • EN-ASBAB-AL-NUZUL-BY-AL-WAHIDI
﴿ وَمَا لَكُمْ أَلَّا تُنفِقُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٰثُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ لَا يَسْتَوِى مِنكُم مَّنْ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبْلِ ٱلْفَتْحِ وَقَٰتَلَ ۚ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةًۭ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدُ وَقَٰتَلُوا۟ ۚ وَكُلًّۭا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌۭ ﴾
“And why should you not spend freely in the cause of God, seeing that God’s [alone] is the heritage of the heavens and the earth? Not equal are those of you who spent and fought [in God’s cause] before the Victory [and those who did not do so]: they are of a higher rank than those who would spend and fight [only] after it - although God has promised the ultimate good to all [who strive in His cause]. and god is aware of that you do.”
(Those who spent and fought before the victory are not upon a level (with the rest of you)�) [57:10]. Muhammad ibn Fudayl reported that al-Kalbi related that this verse was revealed about Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be well pleased with him. This is evidenced by the report which was related to us from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abdihi ibn Yahya> Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Saliti> 'Uthman ibn Sulayman al-Baghdadi> Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Makhzumi> 'Amr ibn Hafs al-Shaybani> al-'Ala' ibn 'Amr> Abu Ishaq al-Fazari> Sufyan al-Thawri> Adam ibn 'Ali> Ibn 'Umar who said: �As the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, was sitting with Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, who was wearing a cloak which he gathered round his chest with pins, Gabriel, peace be upon him, came down, conveyed Allah's greetings of peace to him and said: 'O Muhammad, why is Abu Bakr wearing a cloak which he gathers round his chest with pins?' He said: 'O Gabriel, he has spent all his wealth before the conquest [of Mecca]!' He said: 'In that case, convey to him Allah's greetings of peace, glorified and exalted is He, and tell him that your Lord asks you: are you pleased with Me in your state of poverty or are you indignant?' The Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, addressed Abu Bakr: 'O Abu Bakr, Gabriel is here to convey the greetings of peace of Allah, glorified and exalted is He, and He is asking you: are you pleased with Him in your state of poverty or are you indignant?' Upon hearing this, Abu Bakr wept and said: 'How can I be indignant with my Lord? I am pleased with my Lord! I am pleased with my Lord!' �