🕋 تفسير سورة ق
(Qaf) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-AL-TUSTARI
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ق ۚ وَالْقُرْآنِ الْمَجِيدِ
📘 Qāf�[With this word] God, Exalted is He, made an oath by His strength (quwwa) and omnipotence (qudra). In its outer meaning it refers to the mountain which surrounds this world, which is the first mountain God, Exalted is He, created. Then after it, He created Mount Abū Qubays, which is the mountain which rises above Ṣafā. Beyond this, by a distance of one year�s journey, is a mountain behind which the sun sets, just as He said: until it [the sun] disappeared behind [night�s] veil [38:32]. It has a face like a human face and a heart like the hearts of the angels in gnosis (fi�l-maʿrifa). His words:�By the glorious Qurʾān.He said:This means that it is honoured above all other speech.His words:
كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَأَصْحَابُ الرَّسِّ وَثَمُودُ
📘 �as did the dwellers at al-Rass�That is, the well. And al-Ayka [50:14] is a wood. In its inner meaning, the people of Rass are the people of ignorance, and the dwellers in the wood [50:14] are the pursuers of lusts.His words, Exalted is He:
مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
📘 he does not utter a word but there is beside him a watcher, ready.He said:That is, an attendant guardian who is never absent from him. The angels do not know the good and evil that is within a person�s conscience (ḍamīr) save when that person�s heart acquiesces in it [either good or evil]. When there is a resolution [to do] something good, its effect will manifest a beautiful perfume within the breast (ṣadr) and thence from the breast to the bodilymembers; whereas when there is a resolution to do evil it manifests darkness and a rotten smell. In any event, God knows all of this from [the servant], so he should fear Him in accordance with His words, Surely God has been watchful over you [4:1].His words, Exalted is He:
وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ
📘 And every soul will come accompanied by a driver and a witness.This means: the recording [angels] (kataba) who were with him in this world will lead him to the gathering place and will testify either for or against him. Then the servant says, �Is not what You say the truth? Indeed, You have said: And if you were to enumerate God�s favours you could never number them [14:34]�. And Your Prophet said, �None of you enters Paradise through his works, but only through His mercy.� Then God says, �My words are the truth, and my Prophet has spoken truly, so therefore proceed to Paradise through My mercy.�He said:This is the meaning of His words, Exalted is He: �and for them is forgiveness and a generous provision [8:74].His words, Exalted is He:
لَقَدْ كُنْتَ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مِنْ هَٰذَا فَكَشَفْنَا عَنْكَ غِطَاءَكَ فَبَصَرُكَ الْيَوْمَ حَدِيدٌ
📘 �and your sight on this Day is acute.That is to say, your heart�s vision (baṣar) will be penetrating (nāfidh), in its witnessing (mushāhada) of all its affairs and conditions [on this Day].His words, Exalted is He:
مَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ
📘 The word that comes from Me cannot be changed�That is, �What is within My prior knowledge does not change, so that it would become contrary to My pre-existing knowledge concerning it.�His words, Exalted is He:
هَٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِكُلِّ أَوَّابٍ حَفِيظٍ
📘 ��[it is] for everyone who is oft-returning (awwāb), heedful (ḥafīẓ) of God�� He said:He is the one who turns back with his heart from evil suggestions to tranquil reliance (sukūn) on God, Exalted is He, and is the heedful one (ḥafīẓ), who guards his moments (awqāt) and states (aḥwāl), [while] keeping to His commandments and observing acts of obedience.Ibn ʿAyniyya said, �The one who is oft-returning, heedful of God is the person who does not get up from a gathering until he has asked for God�s forgiveness for it, regardless of whether it was good or bad, due to the imperfection and deficiency that he sees in it.� His words, Exalted is He:
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَذِكْرَىٰ لِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ أَوْ أَلْقَى السَّمْعَ وَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ
📘 Assuredly there is in that a reminder for him who has a heart (qalb)�That is, whoever has an intellect (ʿaql) by which he acquires knowledge of the sacred law (ʿilm al-sharʿ).His words, Exalted is He:�or gives ear.That is, he listens to Our reminder while being attentive [lit. present, (ḥāḍir)] and witnessing his Lord, not absent from Him.Sahl was asked about the intellect (ʿaql) and he said:Intellect is having good judgement (ḥusn al-naẓar) for yourself of the outcome of your affairs.But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:
تَبْصِرَةً وَذِكْرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبْدٍ مُنِيبٍ
📘 As an insight and a reminder for every penitent servant.He said:This means: ⸢as a lesson and source of evidence, guiding them to believe in the oneness of their Lord and to show gratitude to Him;⸣ penitent (munīb), that is, one who devotes his heart purely to God by turning his attention [wholly] to Him, and by maintaining God�s remembrance (dhikr) in the practice of his obligatory duties (wājibāt).His words, Exalted is He:
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