🕋 تفسير سورة نوح
(Nuh) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Lo! We sent): '(Lo! We sent Noah unto his people (saying): Warn your people) from Allah's wrath and punishment (ere the painful doom come unto them) in the form of drowning.
فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا
📘 (And I have said) to them: (Seek pardon of your Lord) declare the divine Oneness of your Lord and repent of disbelief and idolatry. (Lo! He was ever Forgiving) of those who repent of disbelief and believe in Him.
يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا
📘 (He will let loose the sky for you in plenteous rain) whenever you need rain. This is because Allah had withheld rain from them for 40 years,
وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا
📘 (And will help you with wealth) camels, bovines, sheep (and sons) and daughters; this is because Allah had stopped their wives and beasts from conceiving for 40 years, (and will assign unto you Gardens and will assign unto you rivers) flowing rivers for your own benefits. This is because Allah had, before this, destroyed their fields and made their rivers dry for 40 years.
مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا
📘 (What aileth you that ye hope not towards Allah for dignity) what ails you that you do not fear Allah's might and majesty; and it is also said that this means: what ails you that you do not magnify Allah as He deserves to be magnified and, thus, believe in His divine Oneness.
وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا
📘 (When He created you by (diverse) stages?) The stages refer to sperm drops, blood clots, small chunks of flesh and bones, etc.,
أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا
📘 (See ye not) have you not been informed, O disbelievers of Mecca, (how Allah hath created seven heavens in harmony) He created them one above the other like a dome whose different parts are cemented with each other,
وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا
📘 (And hath made the moon) along with them (a light therein) a shining light therein, (and made the sun a lamp) a radiance for the children of Adam?
وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا
📘 (And Allah hath caused you to grow as a growth from the earth) He created you from Adam, and Adam is created from dust and the dust is from the earth,
ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا
📘 (And afterward He maketh you return thereto) He will burry you in the earth, (and He will bring you forth again) from the graves on the Day of Judgement, (a (new) forthbringing.
وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا
📘 And Allah hath made the earth a wide expanse for you) to lay and sleep on
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ
📘 (He said: O my people! Lo! I am a plain warner unto you) I am a warning messenger unto you, addressing you in a language you understand.
لِتَسْلُكُوا مِنْهَا سُبُلًا فِجَاجًا
📘 (That ye may thread the valley ways thereof) that you may follow wide ways thereof.
قَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِي وَاتَّبَعُوا مَنْ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ إِلَّا خَسَارًا
📘 (Noah said: My Lord!) O my Lord! (They have disobeyed me) regarding repentance and faith in Allah's divine Oneness (and followed) and obeyed (one whose) abundant (wealth and children increase him in naught save ruin) in the Hereafter; this refers to the chieftains of his folk;
وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا
📘 (And they have plotted a mighty plot) and they have uttered a tremendous lie,
وَقَالُوا لَا تَذَرُنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّا وَلَا سُوَاعًا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًا
📘 (And they have said) i.e. the chieftains said to the communality of the people: (Forsake not your gods) forsake not the worship of your Lord. (Forsake not Wadd) forsake not the worship of Wadd, (nor Suwa') nor the worship of Suwa', (nor Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr) nor the worship of Yaghuth and Ya'uq and Nasr. These were idols which Noah's folk worshipped.
وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَالًا
📘 (And they have led many astray) he says: they have misled through them many people; and it is also said: many people went astray because of them, (and Thou increasest the wrong-doers) the disbelievers and idolaters in their worship of these idols (in naught save error) loss and destruction.
مِمَّا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ أُغْرِقُوا فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْصَارًا
📘 (Because of their sins they were drowned) by the flood in the life of the world, (then made to enter) in the Hereafter (a Fire. And they found they had no helpers in place of Allah) they had no helpers to defend them against Allah's chastisement.
وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا
📘 (And Noah said) after Allah told him that none of his people will believe in him, apart from those who had already believed: (My Lord!) O my Lord! (Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land.
إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا
📘 If Thou shouldst leave them, they will mislead Thy slaves) they will mislead from Your religion those who believe in You and those who wish to believe in You, (and will beget none save lewd ingrates) and will not beget save offspring who are sinful and disbelievers when they reach the age of reason; and it is also said this means: save those upon whom You have decreed disbelief and lewdness when they reach the age of reason; and it is also said that they did not have among them any children because Allah stopped their women from conceiving, and thus they had only adults amongst them, and the latter were all lewd disbelievers.
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا
📘 (My Lord!) O my Lord! (Forgive me and my parents) and forgive my believing parents (and him who entereth my house) my religion; and it is also said: my mosque; and it is also said: my ship (believing, and believing men and believing women) who are true in their faith and who will come after me, (and increase not the wrong-doers) the disbelieving idolaters (in aught save ruin) loss and destruction, like the destruction of those people whose Prophet received the revelation but refused to believe in him'.
أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ
📘 ((Bidding you): Serve Allah) declare Allah's divine Oneness (and keep your duty unto Him) fear Him and repent of disbelief and idolatry (and obey me) and follow my matter, religion and counsel and accept my advice to you,
يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ ۖ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
📘 (That He may forgive you somewhat of your sins) He will forgive your sins through your repentance and belief in Allah's divine Oneness (and respite you) without sending a punishment on you (to an appointed term) until you die. (Lo! the term of Allah) the torment of Allah, (when it cometh, cannot be delayed, if ye but knew) if you believe in what I say to you.
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا
📘 When he despaired of them, after calling them to faith for 950 years, and they refused to believe or heed his advice, (He said: My Lord! Lo! I have called unto my people) to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (night and day) at night and during the day.
فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا
📘 (But all my calling) to them to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (doth but add to their repugnance) does but increase their remoteness from faith and repentance;
وَإِنِّي كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا اسْتِكْبَارًا
📘 (And lo! Whenever I call unto them) to repentance and belief in Allah's divine Oneness (that Thou mayst pardon them) through their repentance and faith in Allah's divine Oneness (they thrust their fingers in their ears) so as not to hear my words and invitation (and cover themselves with their garments) and cover their heads with their garments so that they do not hear my voice or see me (and persist (in their refusal)) and they remain firm in their disbelief and worship of idols; it is also said that they all shouted in unison: �O Noah! We will not believe in you�, (and magnify themselves in pride) and feel too proud to accept faith or repent, because of their arrogance.
ثُمَّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًا
📘 (And lo! I have called unto them) to repent and believe in Allah's divine Oneness (aloud) openly, thus avoiding secrecy,
ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًا
📘 (And lo! I have made public proclamation unto them) I called them openly to the message and explained to them, (and I have appealed to them in private) and I called them secretly to the message.
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