🕋 تفسير سورة فاطر
(Fatir) • المصدر: EN-TAFSIR-IBN-ABBAS
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ جَاعِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۚ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
📘 And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said upon explaining Allah's words: (Praise be to Allah): '(Praise be to Allah) He says: gratitude and favour belong to Allah, (the Creator of the heavens and the earth, who appointeth the angels) Who created and honoured the angels and made them (messengers) i.e. He sends them with a message to His created beings; this refers to Gabriel, Michael, Seraphiel, the angel of death, thunder and the Guardian angels (having wings) i.e. the angels have wings (two, three and four) wings with which to fly. (He multiplieth in creation) in the creation of angels (what He will) it is also said that in those wings are what He wills; and it is also said: whomever He wills is in good fortune; and it is said that this means: whomsoever He wills has a good voice. (Lo! Allah is Able to do all things) of increase and decrease.
مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِيعًا ۚ إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يَمْكُرُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ ۖ وَمَكْرُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُوَ يَبُورُ
📘 (Whoso desireth power) i.e. whoever desires to know to whom belongs power, might and invincibility, ((should know that) all power belongeth to Allah) as belongs to Him might and invincibility. (Unto Him good words) the expression �there is no deity save Allah� (ascend, and the pious deed doth He exalt) He accepts pious deeds through the profession of �there is no deity except Allah�; (but those who plot iniquities) those who associate partners with Allah; it is also said this means: those who scheme to expel, imprison or assassinate Muhammad (pbuh) in Dar al-Nadwah, (theirs will be an awful doom) as awful as can be; (and the plotting of such (folk)) i.e. Abu Jahl and his host (will come to naught) will not succeed. It is also said that this verse was revealed about the people who deal with usury.
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ۚ وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِ ۚ وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِنْ مُعَمَّرٍ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
📘 (Allah created you from dust) He created you from Adam and Adam is from dust, (then from a little fluid) the sperm drops of your fathers, (then He made you pairs (the male and female). No female beareth) a child (or bringeth forth) gives birth after the full period of pregnancy or prematurely (save with His knowledge) save with the knowledge and command of Allah. (And no one groweth old who groweth old, nor is aught lessened of his life, but it is recorded in a Book) except that it is recorded in the Guarded Tablet. (Lo! That) recording that (is easy for Allah) even without writing.
وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْبَحْرَانِ هَٰذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ سَائِغٌ شَرَابُهُ وَهَٰذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ ۖ وَمِنْ كُلٍّ تَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا وَتَسْتَخْرِجُونَ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَهَا ۖ وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ فِيهِ مَوَاخِرَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
📘 (And the two seas) the sweet and salty (are not alike: this, fresh, sweet, food to drink, this (other) bitter, salt. And from them both) the sweet and salty seas (ye eat fresh meat) fresh fish (and derive) especially from the salty sea (the ornament) gems and pearls (that ye wear. And thou seest the ship cleaving them) i.e. the seas (with its prow) coming and going driven by the same wind (that ye may seek of His bounty) of His provision, (and that haply ye may give thanks) so that you may give thanks for His bounty.
يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ
📘 (He maketh the night to pass into the day) such that the night is longer than the day by, for instance, six hours (and He maketh the day to pass into the night) such that the day is longer than the night by, let us say, six hours. (He hath subdued the sun and moon to service) He subdued the light of the sun and the moon to the service of human beings. (Each runneth unto an appointed term) round appointed trajectories. (Such is Allah, your Lord) it is Allah, your Lord, Who does so, not the deities; (His is the Sovereignty) the storehouses of the universe; (and those unto whom you pray) those whom you worship (instead of Him) instead of Allah (own not so much as the white spot on a date stone) they are unable to own of all that even the white spot on a date stone.
إِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ ۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ
📘 (If ye pray unto them) i.e. the deities (they hear not your prayer) because they are deaf and dumb, (and if they heard they could not grant it you) because they despise you. (On the Day of Resurrection they will disown association with you) the deities will absolve themselves from you for associating them as partners with Allah and for worshipping them beside Allah. (None can Inform you) of them and their works (like Him Who is Aware) i.e. Allah.
۞ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ
📘 (O mankind! Ye are the poor in your relation to Allah) in relation to His forgiveness, mercy, provision and well-being in the life of this world and to His Paradise in the Hereafter. (And Allah! He is the Absolute) He is free of need for what you have of wealth, (the Owner of Praise) He is praiseworthy in His acts.
إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ
📘 (If He will, He can be rid of you) He can destroy you, O people of Mecca (and bring (instead of you) some new creation) who are better and more obedient than you.
وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
📘 (That) i.e. destroying you and bringing a new creation (is not a hard thing for Allah.
وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۚ وَإِنْ تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَىٰ حِمْلِهَا لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۗ إِنَّمَا تُنْذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ ۚ وَمَنْ تَزَكَّىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّىٰ لِنَفْسِهِ ۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
📘 And no burdened soul can bear another's burden) i.e. with a good disposition of the soul but only insofar as it is forced to do so; it is also said that this means: no soul will be taken to task for the crime of another; and it is also said that this means: no soul will be tormented without having committed a crime, (and if one heavy laden) with sins (crieth for (help with) his load, naught of it) none of the sins (will be lifted even though he (unto whom he crieth) be of kin) his father, mother, son or daughter. (Thou warnest only) your warning, O Muhammad, benefits only (those who fear their Lord in secret) those who work for their Lord even though He is invisible to them, but nothing is invisible to Him, (and have established worship) and perform the five daily prayers. (He who groweth (in goodness)) he who believes in Allah's divine Oneness, does good works and spends of his wealth in charity, (groweth only for himself) the reward of all this goes to his own soul. (Unto Allah is the journeying) unto Allah is the return in the Hereafter.
وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ
📘 (The blind man) the disbeliever (is not equal with the seer) the believer;
مَا يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلَا مُمْسِكَ لَهَا ۖ وَمَا يُمْسِكْ فَلَا مُرْسِلَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
📘 (That which Allah openeth) that which Allah sends (unto mankind of mercy) of rain, provision or well-being (none can withholdeth it) none can stop such a mercy; (and that which He withholds none can release thereafter) none can release it after He withholds it. (He is the Mighty) in His withholding, (the Wise) in that which He sends.
وَلَا الظُّلُمَاتُ وَلَا النُّورُ
📘 (Nor is darkness (tantamount to) light) i.e. nor is disbelief like faith;
وَلَا الظِّلُّ وَلَا الْحَرُورُ
📘 (Nor is the shadow equal with the sun's full heat) nor is Paradise equal to the Fire;
وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَحْيَاءُ وَلَا الْأَمْوَاتُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسْمِعُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ وَمَا أَنْتَ بِمُسْمِعٍ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ
📘 (Nor are the living equal with the dead) nor are the believers equal with the disbelievers in relation to obedience and honour. (Lo! Allah maketh whom He will) whoever deserves it (to hear) to understand. (Thou canst not reach) you cannot make understand (those who are in the graves) those who are as if dead and buried in the graves.
إِنْ أَنْتَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ
📘 (Thou) O Muhammad (art but a warner) a Messenger warning by the Qur'an.
إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۚ وَإِنْ مِنْ أُمَّةٍ إِلَّا خَلَا فِيهَا نَذِيرٌ
📘 (Lo! We have sent thee) O Muhammad (with the Truth) with the Qur'an, (a bearer of glad tidings) announcing Paradise for whoever believes in Allah (and a warner) from the Fire for whoever disbelieves in Allah; (and there is not a nation but a warner has passed among them) except that they had a warning messenger.
وَإِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَبِالزُّبُرِ وَبِالْكِتَابِ الْمُنِيرِ
📘 (And if they) the Quraysh (deny thee) O Muhammad: (those before them also denied) those before your own folk, the Quraysh, have also denied their messengers. (Their messengers came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty)) they came to them with commands, prohibitions and signs, (and with the Psalms and the Scripture) and with the events of the Scriptures of the people of old (giving light) expositing the lawful and the unlawful.
ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ
📘 (Then seized I) then I punished (those who disbelieved) in the Scriptures and messengers, (and how intense was My abhorrence!) see, O Muhammad, how I turned against them with chastisement when they rejected faith.
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهَا ۚ وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ
📘 (Hast thou not seen) do you not know (that Allah causeth water) the rain (to fall from the sky, and We produce therewith fruit of diverse hues) sweet and sour fruits as well as other kinds; (and among the hills are streaks white and red, of diverse hues) like the diverse fruits, (and (others) raven black) black mountains, very intense in their blackness;
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ كَذَٰلِكَ ۗ إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ غَفُورٌ
📘 (And of men) there are also different colours (and beasts) there are different kinds of beasts (and cattle, in like manner, diverse hues) there are different kinds of cattle? (The erudite among His bondsmen fear Allah alone) He says: from among all His servants, it is the erudite who fears Allah. (Lo! Allah is Mighty) in His dominion and kingdom, (Forgiving) He forgives whoever believes in Him.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً يَرْجُونَ تِجَارَةً لَنْ تَبُورَ
📘 (Lo! those who read the Scripture of Allah) those who read the Qur'an, i.e. Abu Bakr and his fellow believers, (and establish worship) and perform the five daily prayers, (and spend) in charity (of that which We have bestowed on them) of wealth (secretly) between them and Allah (and openly) in front of people, (they look forward to imperishable gain) i.e. Paradise,
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ تُؤْفَكُونَ
📘 (O mankind) O people of Mecca! (Remember Allah's grace towards you) in the form of rain, provision and well-being! (Is there any creator) any god (other than Allah who provideth for you from the sky) rain (and the earth) vegetation? (There is no God save Him) who provides you. (Whither then are ye turned) from whence do you lie and claim that your deities provide for you?
لِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ
📘 (That He) Allah (will pay them their wages) their reward in Paradise (and increase them of His grace) one to tenfolds. (Lo! He is Forgiving) He forgives their great sins, (Responsive) for their works; He is thankful for people's little works and rewards them abundantly.
وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِعِبَادِهِ لَخَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ
📘 (As for that which We inspire in thee) as for that with which We send Gabriel to you (of the Scripture) i.e. the Qur'an, (it is the Truth confirming) Allah's divine Oneness and also agrees with some laws (that which was (revealed) before it) of earlier Scriptures. (Lo! Allah is indeed Observer) He is aware of those who believe and those who do not, (Seer of his slaves) He sees their works.
ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ
📘 (Then) after We sent Gabriel with the Qur'an to Muhammad (pbuh) (We gave the Scripture as inheritance) We gave the honour of memorising, writing and reciting the Qur'an (unto those whom We elected of our bondmen) by means of faith, i.e. the community of Muhammad (pbuh). (But of them are some who wrong themselves) through committing enormities, and these will not be saved unless there is intercession in their favour, or unless they are forgiven or when Allah's promise is fulfilled (and of them are some who are lukewarm) some of them did good works and evil works in equal measure; these will be slightly taken to task and then be saved, (and of them are some who outstrip (others) through good deeds) in the life of this world and among those brought near to the Garden of Eden in the Hereafter, (by Allah's leave) by Allah's given success and beneficence. (That) selection and outstripping (is the great favour) the greatest grace that Allah can bestow upon them!
جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيهَا مِنْ أَسَاوِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَلُؤْلُؤًا ۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمْ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ
📘 Allah then showed their abode, saying: (Gardens of Eden!) the chamber of the Beneficent is their dwelling, with the Gardens surrounding it. (They enter them wearing armlets of gold and pearl) this is the attire of women while the attire of men will be made of gold (and their raiment therein) in Paradise (is silk).
وَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنَّا الْحَزَنَ ۖ إِنَّ رَبَّنَا لَغَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ
📘 (And they say) the inhabitants of Paradise say in Paradise: (Praise be to Allah) thanks and gratitude belong to Allah (who hath put grief) the grief of death, evanescence and the terrors of the Day of Judgement; it is also said that this means: the grief of the risks involved in the life of this world (away from us. Lo! Our Lord is Forgiving) He forgives great sins, (Bountiful) He is grateful for even the slightest of good works,
الَّذِي أَحَلَّنَا دَارَ الْمُقَامَةِ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَا يَمَسُّنَا فِيهَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا يَمَسُّنَا فِيهَا لُغُوبٌ
📘 (Who, of His grace) out of His great favour, (has installed us in the mansion of eternity) in Paradise, (where toil toucheth us not nor can weariness affect us) in Paradise.
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَهُمْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يُقْضَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَمُوتُوا وَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِهَا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي كُلَّ كَفُورٍ
📘 (But as for those who disbelieve) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, i.e. Abu Jahl and his host, (for them is fire of hell) in the Hereafter; (it taketh not complete effect upon them) they are not sentenced to death (so that they can die) and find rest, (nor is its torment lightened for them) not even for a twinkle of an eye. (Thus We punish) in the Hereafter (every ingrate) every disbeliever in Allah who is ungrateful for His bounties.
وَهُمْ يَصْطَرِخُونَ فِيهَا رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ ۚ أَوَلَمْ نُعَمِّرْكُمْ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ فِيهِ مَنْ تَذَكَّرَ وَجَاءَكُمُ النَّذِيرُ ۖ فَذُوقُوا فَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ نَصِيرٍ
📘 (And they) i.e. the disbelievers (cry for help there) in the Fire, and implore and beseech, ((saying): Our Lord!) O our Lord! (Release us) from the Fire and return us to the life of the world, for we will believe in You; and (we will do right) sincerely believing in You, (not (the wrong) that we used to do) in our state of idolatry. Allah will say to them: (Did not We grant you a life) did We not give you, O group of disbelievers, in the life of the world a respite (long enough for who reflected to reflect) long enough for reflection (therein) for anyone who wanted to reflect? (And the warner) Muhammad (pbuh) (came unto you) with the Qur'an and warned you against this day, but you did not believe him. (Now taste (the flavour of your deeds)) taste the torment of the Fire, (for evil-doers) the disbelievers (have no helper) to save them from Allah's chastisement.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَالِمُ غَيْبِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
📘 (Lo! Allah is the knower of the Unseen of the heavens and the earth) He knows that were they to be returned to the life of this world, they would still engage in that which they were forbidden from. (Lo! He is Aware of the secret of (men's) breasts) He knows what is in the hearts whether it is good or evil.
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ فَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ ۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَّا مَقْتًا ۖ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْكَافِرِينَ كُفْرُهُمْ إِلَّا خَسَارًا
📘 (He it is Who hath made you) O community of Muhammad (pbuh) (regents in the earth) dwellers in the earth after the destruction of past nations; (so he who disbelieveth) in Allah, (his disbelief be on his own head) the punishment of his disbelief is against his own soul. (Their disbelief increaseth for the disbelievers) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, (in their Lord's sight) in the Hereafter, (naught save abhorrence) nothing but detestation. (Their disbelief) in the life of this world (increaseth for the disbelievers naught save loss) in the Hereafter.
وَإِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَتْ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ ۚ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الْأُمُورُ
📘 (And if they) the Quraysh (deny thee, (O Muhammad), messengers (of Allah) were denied before thee) their folks denied them just as your people are denying you. (Unto Allah all things are brought back) the end results of all things are brought back to Allah in the Hereafter.
قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ شُرَكَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا فَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَتٍ مِنْهُ ۚ بَلْ إِنْ يَعِدُ الظَّالِمُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا إِلَّا غُرُورًا
📘 (Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Have ye seen your partner-gods) your deities (to whom ye pray) whom you worship (beside Allah? Show me what they created of the earth! Or have they any portion) with Allah (in the heavens) in the creation of the heavens? (Or have We given them) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (a Scripture so that they act on clear proof therefrom) that they will not be punished? (Nay, the evil-doers promise) what the idolaters say in the life of this world to (one another) i.e. the leaders to those who followed them (only to deceive) only vanity in the Hereafter.
۞ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولَا ۚ وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
📘 (Lo! Allah graspeth) holds (the heavens and the earth that they deviate not) so that they do not move from their actual place because of the enormity of the claim of the Jews and Christians when they maintained that Ezra and Jesus were the sons of Allah, (and if they were to deviate) and if they were to move from their actual place (there is not one that could grasp them after Him. Lo! He is ever Clement) despite the claim of the Jews and Christians, (Forgiving) He forgives whoever repents of them.
وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ جَاءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ لَيَكُونُنَّ أَهْدَىٰ مِنْ إِحْدَى الْأُمَمِ ۖ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ نَذِيرٌ مَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا
📘 (And they swore by Allah) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca swore by Allah before the coming of the Prophet (pbuh) (their most binding oath) by Allah, (that if a warner) a warning Messenger (came unto them they would be more tractable) they would be swifter in responding and more guided in the religion (than any of the nations) than the Jews and Christians; (yet, when a warner) Muhammad (pbuh) (came unto them) with the Qur'an (it aroused in them naught save repugnance) from it,
اسْتِكْبَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَكْرَ السَّيِّئِ ۚ وَلَا يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّئُ إِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِ ۚ فَهَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا سُنَّتَ الْأَوَّلِينَ ۚ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لِسُنَّتِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلًا ۖ وَلَنْ تَجِدَ لِسُنَّتِ اللَّهِ تَحْوِيلًا
📘 ((Shown in their) behaving arrogantly in the land) by rejecting faith in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and plotting evil) to kill Muhammad (pbuh); (and the evil plot) evil words and works (encloseth but the men who make it) turn only against the people who make them. (Then, can they expect) can your people, once they disbelieved in you, expect (aught save the treatment of the folk of old) can they expect anything save the punishment of the people of old when they disbelieved in their messengers? (Thou wilt not find for Allah's way of treatment) for Allah's punishment (any substitute) any alteration, (nor wilt thou find for Allah's way of treatment aught of power to change) to someone other than Him.
أَوَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَكَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً ۚ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعْجِزَهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلِيمًا قَدِيرًا
📘 (Have they) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (not travelled in the land and seen) and reflect upon (the nature of the consequence) the punishment (for those who were before them) when they disbelieved in their messengers, (and they were mightier) in physical strength (than these in power) and had more children? (Allah is not such that aught in the heavens or in the earth) of creation (escapeth Him. Lo! He is the Aware) He knows His creation, (the Mighty) He has power over them.
وَلَوْ يُؤَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِمَا كَسَبُوا مَا تَرَكَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُؤَخِّرُهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ بَصِيرًا
📘 (If Allah took mankind) and the jinn (to task by that which they deserve) by their sins, (He would not leave a living creature on the surface of the earth; but He reprieveth them unto an appointed term, and when their term) when the time of their destruction (cometh then verily (they will know that) Allah is ever Seer of His slaves) He knows who to destroy and who to spare'.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ ۖ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ
📘 (O mankind) O people of Mecca! (Lo! the promise of Allah) i.e. resurrection after death (is true) it will surely happen. (So let not the life of the world) let not what is in the life of the world of comfort and adornment (beguile you) with regard to the obedience of Allah, (and let not the (avowed) beguiler) Satan; and it is said: the falsehoods of the life of this world (beguile you with regard to Allah) with regard to the religion of Allah.
إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ فَاتَّخِذُوهُ عَدُوًّا ۚ إِنَّمَا يَدْعُو حِزْبَهُ لِيَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ
📘 (Lo! the devil is an enemy for you) as regards religion and obedience, (so treat him as an enemy) so fight him and do not obey him as far as religion and obedience are concerned. (He only summoneth his faction) the adherents of his religion and obedient ones (to be owners of the flaming Fire) to be gathered with the inhabitants of hell in the Fire.
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ
📘 (Those who disbelieve) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an, i.e. Abu Jahl and his host, (theirs will be an awful doom; and those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and in the Qur'an (and do good works) and do acts of obedience between them and their Lord, (theirs will be forgiveness) their sins will be forgiven in the life of this world (and a great reward) in Paradise.
أَفَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ فَرَآهُ حَسَنًا ۖ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ فَلَا تَذْهَبْ نَفْسُكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسَرَاتٍ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ
📘 (Is he, the evil of whose deeds is made fair-seeming unto him so that he deemeth it good) right-the reference here is to Abu Jahl-like those whom We honoured with faith and obedience, i.e. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and his fellow believers? (Allah verily sendeth whom He will astray) He sends away from His religion whoever deserves it, (and guideth) to His religion (whom He will) whoever deserves it, i.e. Abu Bakr and his fellow believers, (so let not thy soul expire) do not kill yourself with grief (in sighings for them) in remorse about their destruction, if they reject faith. (Lo! Allah is Aware of what they do) in their state of disbelief of scheming in Dar al-Nadwah and treachery in order to kill Muhammad (pbuh)!
وَاللَّهُ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَسُقْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ بَلَدٍ مَيِّتٍ فَأَحْيَيْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ النُّشُورُ
📘 (And Allah it is Who sendeth the winds and they raise a cloud; then We lead it) through rain (unto a dead land) wherein there is no plants (and revive therewith) by means of the rain (the earth after its death) after its dryness and exposure to draught. (Such is the Resurrection) in the same way you will be quickened and raised from the graves.
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